PHYTOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND PHARMACOLOGICAL PROSPECTS OF Perovskia botschantzevii
Abstract
Using chromatographic separation and purification techniques, the aerial parts and roots of P. botschantzevii were found to contain 11 phenolic acids and flavonoids, 11 abietane- and norabietane-type diterpenoids, 8 oleanane- and ursane-type triterpenoids, and 3 phytosterols. The chemical structures of these compounds were elucidated based on UV, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopic data, together with HSQC, HMBC, and COSY experiments. For several compounds, the molecular and three-dimensional structures were further confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis. The abietane- and norabietane-type diterpenoids identified in P. botschantzevii Kovalevsk. & Kochk. possess highly oxygenated tricyclic C₂₀ skeletons and are biosynthesized from geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate. Compounds isolated from the plant include ferruginol, carnosol, rosmadial, methoxyrosmanol, tanshinone IIA, cryptotanshinone, przewalskin, sugiol, nimbiol, perangustine, and salviamone B. In addition, oleanane- and ursane-type triterpenoids were identified, which are biosynthesized via the mevalonate pathway through the enzymatic cyclization of 2,3-oxidosqualene. The occurrence of both diterpenoids and triterpenoids indicates that this species is rich in isoprenoid-derived secondary metabolites. Phytochemical studies have demonstrated the presence of phenolic acids and flavonoids in the aerial parts and roots of Perovskia botschantzevii. Identified bioactive compounds include caffeic acid, rosmarinic acid, nepetoidin B, luteolin, kaempferol, cirsiliol, taxifolin (dihydroquercetin), quercetin, hesperidin, and cirsimaritin.
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